What Whitman Writes We Wonder

 

The pictures attached above show my notes taken when reading through Whitman's notebook. I found a lot of his entries very interesting and it was fascinating to see the thought process of his writing. He starts his notebook with some names and addresses that are hard to make out and I struggled to connect this to the rest of the notebook as to what significance it may have. From here he goes into more poetic writing, although it seems that at some points he is just taking note of his thoughts as they come, and at other points, the scribbles seem more poetic and like he is actually writing the beginnings of a poem or several.

 

In these writings you can begin to see his writing style as well as some of the themes that are present throughout his poetry. The first thing I noticed after taking notes on his writing, was that he focused a lot on dual nature, the first writings being about a dialogue (two people), and the second about (two) religious platforms. This was an interesting correlation, and potentially shows that he liked the idea of comparisons or pairs to emphasis or make clearer his message. Another style that I noticed was the use of metaphorical language, specifically that in relation to ships and the seas. Furthermore he seems to talk a lot about figures of power, both people and ideas. He talks about the president (also later there are drawings that potentially represent Lincoln) and he also mentions queens of England and Spain. As far as ideas, he talks a lot in one poem about the concept of Liberty (Libertad?).  As I mentioned before, the end of the notebook consists of sketches, mostly of the same man, with a beard and sometimes a top hat. Originally I thought that the drawings were of Whitman himself and then when the top hat appeared it seemed more like they could be of President Lincoln. The last drawing was a creepy one with a skull and stabbed heart making up a floating figure, I am not quite sure what this is referencing or representing, but it seemed to be a darker or more mournful side of Whitman's writing and ideas within the notebook.

 

AFTER READING THE INTERPRETATION:

 

My initial response to the interpretations and explanations for the content of Whitman's journals, was that I got a lot of what he wrote right, at least on the surface level, and that was exciting! I also was very intrigued by a lot of what the deeper explanation had to say. I found it very interesting that the dialogue poem at the beginning of the notebook was actually in reference to Lincoln and himself, further emphasizing his fascination and writing about the president. Another key point that caught my attention was the fact that it was not just scribbled handwriting that made Liberty look like Libertad, but in fact Whitman did mean to write Libertad as in the Spanish word for liberty. This highlights both his interest in the concept of liberty overall, as well as his personal interest in the importance and relation to other nations and happenings around the world as opposed to only in the US. Continuing on within this same poem about liberty and the ship, I had suspected that this may have connections to the civil war but the further notes confirmed Whitman was writing about the building tension in the nation and the predicted rough waters that the nation was about to face. Furthering my understand of Whitman's interest in the presidency as both an office and a person, I was intrigued to learn that this poem is also predicting what the president to come will face and have to deal with. This, is addition to his mentioning of Washington and the "Last War" later in the notebook, shows Whitman's fascination with history and current news, aka how he uses his poetry to talk a lot about not just abstract ideas, but actual events that have happened and are happening. The final piece of information that caught my attention was the fact that the sketches were not actually done by Whitman himself, but rather by a (possibly drunken) friend who accessed the notebook when it was passed around in a social situation. This shattered my preconception that this notebook was something private and confidential to Whitman.

 

I think that these notebook entries give a good overview of who Whitman was as a writer, his style, and his interests, while also holding a lot of underlying facts and messages about Whitman and his life. Looking at the entries both before and after reading the interpretations make it easier to understand all of the little details that are missed, not only in his notebook, but also in his published poetry.



It was I was it?

IT WAS a cold, dark, rainy night, and someone has kidnapped the IBO. It is our job to figure out who did, why they did it, and where they have taken them. Here are the details of the case:

Suspect #1: Loren Baron; Mr. Baron is the coordinator for the IB program at Millbrook High School and he might have stolen the IBO. While to many it may seem that Mr. Baron is a fan of the IBO and would be more likely to be meditating with the IBO rather than tying them up and throwing them into a van, there is more than meets the eye when addressing this subject. Mr. Baron is an avid coffee drinker, and almost anyone could witness to the fact that it is rare to see him without a fun mug glued to his hand. He is also responsible for the processing of all Internal Assessments (IAs) and Extended Essays (EEs) to be sent to the IBO. While on an investigative search of his office, papers were found in the trash can with coffee stains covering them left and right. But no report of this atrocity had been made. So did Mr. Baron kidnap the IBO before they could discover his coffee killed many IB documents?

Suspect #2: Nicholas Hosking; Mr. Hosking is a very likely suspect in this case as he already has a long list of charges against him, including but not limited too; Cutting people’s hair, stealing phones and taping them to TV’s, pouring water on sleeping students heads, clubbing baby seals, making fun of insecure adolescents, and much more. There have periodically been reports from students or other bystanders that negative comments have been made about the IBO. Not only does he seem to have a personal vendetta against the IBO, he also would probably find it quite amusing to kidnap them! The only kink is that he claims to have been “home with his wife and kids,” during the time of the taking. Did Hosking kidnap the IBO as revenge for making him teach so many weird and usually annoying IB kids? 

Suspect #3: The Millbrook Geese; though the interrogation of these suspects proved difficult due to the language barrier, we are highly suspicious of these geese. Nobody is quite sure where they came from, and they have an annoying tendency to get away with attacking people because of their diplomatic immunity granted under the Federal Protection for Canadian Geese Act. They are ruthless and seem to do whatever they please. Furthermore, on the day of the kidnapping, both geese were reported to have been missing from the nest (suspicious that they would leave the nest unprotected). Did the savage geese kidnap the IBO for kicks and giggles?

Suspect #4 An Angry AP Kid; these type are frequently known to be against the IB kids and program. Even though everyone had a choice, they become angry when IB kids have higher GPAs, claiming “that is not fair.” It would not be past the capability of AP kids to kidnap the IBO, and they can easily an often get riled up. Furthermore, there are many of them, and it would not be too difficult for one or a couple to take the IBO under the radar.  Did an AP kid (or several) kidnap the IBO to get back at IB kids and remove the program from Millbrook?

While this list does not contain all of the suspects that will be inspected in this case. It brings attention to some of the most likely people to have kidnapped the IBO! So who did it, is for now still a mystery, but I’m sure the culprit will be caught eventually and all will be restored in the world of IB. 

Is the American Dream Dead?

The American Dream is the concept in our country that through hard work, perseverance, and determination, any man (or woman) can achieve success and happiness. While I think that this concept played an important role in the booming 20's where industry was taking off and many people were given the opportunity to make it big, I think that the American Dream in today's society has become a distorted concept. While we still operate under the idea that everyone is created equal and has the same opportunity to succeed, this is not true. Many people are pushed down by disadvantages and unfair social systems that they are born into, and others who are born into privilege are convinced that it was solely their hard work that got them their. 

Wealth is a relative term. Me, being a member of the American middle class, may look at Bill Gates or Simon Cowell and think, that is the definition of extreme wealth, while most people around the world would look at me and say that is the definition of extreme wealth. But wealth also does not have to be defined by monetary value. Wealth can be defined by how content someone is. I could look at a poor man who has a beautiful family, a strong circle of close friends, and a job that he loves to go to and say that he is wealthy, regardless of how much money his is making. I think that it is this definition of wealth that makes the American Dream more than just getting a good job and getting rich. The American Dream can be the image of creating a family in a loving environment surrounded by and enriching community. I believe that this is an important part of the American Dream that is often overlooked.

However, like I mentioned before, their are issues with this ideal image. While America does provide an opportunity to create that seemingly perfect lifestyle, the white picket fence life is not obtainable everywhere and to all people. Even though happiness can equal wealth, we too often associate happiness with money. I think that our country's attitude toward wealth is that money is necessary to live a satisfying life and anyone can get a good job and make money if they work hard and are smart. Our attitude towards poverty is unfortunately often that people who live in poverty have done something to get that way, weather it is make bad choices or not tried hard enough. In the political arena, wealth = power and poverty = a lack of representation. In our society it shocks me how much I witness people buy expensive clothes and go on elaborate vacations, but get angry at the fact that their tax money is being given to people who cannot afford to feed themselves day to day. The American Dream has created an ideology in our society that those who do not have, do not deserve. This however was not the intention of the American Dream, simply how today's society has distorted the concept of American potential.

I think that because of the social systems we have created, wealth perpetuates wealth and poverty perpetuates poverty. While it is always important to work hard if you want to achieve success, the increasing separation between the advantaged and the disadvantaged makes it difficult for people to change the status that they are born into, killing the concept of the American Dream. People born into poverty are automatically disadvantaged, instead of being excited about going to school and learning, they are worried about when their next meal will come. And school funding is based on achievement rates, so if students that have increased external circumstances have lower test scores, then they will also be attending schools with less resources to give them the help that they need. While families that have less worries and can focus and emphasizing education, are also those that will live in school districts with more resources and opportunity for students to excel. Over the summer a friend of mine observed and researched the town of Winston Salem. The town is split in two by a railroad track. On one side, most of the families are part of the middle-class, while the other side experiences increased poverty levels. What is shocking and concerning though, is the fact that someone from the poor side and someone from the wealthier side, that are the same age and have the exact same degree are not paid the same. This means that even if both people worked just as hard, the person who was born into poverty is not compensated for their work as much as the other individual is. This shows that merit based success is not always true.

I believe that if as a whole our society can acknowledge the existence of advantage and disadvantage among social class, then we can begin to restore the original idea of the American Dream. If everyone is willing to work together to pull those in poverty up and provide equal opportunity and potential to all, then American could become a society where success is based on merit and hard work as intended.

He said! She said! But Who Said it Right?

Above are some funny pictures of messages that were lost or distorted in translation. Translating is a difficult task that if not done right can ruin the meaning of a text. The first line of Kafka's Metamorphosis, like the first line of Camus' The Stranger, has a variety of translations. These translations, while only having slight differences, can have a wide range of meaning and impact on the text and overall purpose. Four different translations of the first line of Metamorphosis are;

#1:As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect.

#2:Gregory Samsa woke from uneasy dreams one morning to find himself changed into a giant bug.

#3:When Gregor Samsa awoke from troubled dreams one morning he found he had been transformed in his bed into an enormous bug.

#4:One morning, upon awakening from agitated dreams, Gregor Samsa found himself, in his bed, transformed into a monstrous vermin.

My initial observations of the use of literary features in this first sentence are:

• Diction: Each sentence uses select word choice to portray the message within this sentence. In reference to the dreams of Samsa, the different word choice used is uneasy, troubled, and agitated. When referencing what has happened, the different words used are transformed and changed. Then in the description of the creature, the adjectives used are gigantic, giant, enormous, and monstrous, and the nouns used are insect, bug, and vermin. 
• Syntax: The first three translations have no punctuation aside from the period at the end. The fourth sentence in contrast is very chopped up with the use of comas to separate each piece of info from the rest. 
• Imagery/details: All of the translations present a relatively average scene of a man waking up in his bed in the morning, however he is no longer a man but instead a large bug-like thing. The first three translations make the creature seem buggy while the last makes it seem more like a rodent sort of animal. 
• Structure: Three of the translations introduce the reader to the character and then set up the scene and the present the conflict. The other sets the scene first but still brings up the conflict at the end.

By looking at these different literary devices found in the sentences, we can begin to see the varied affect that the translations can have. I think the most profound differences come from the different diction used in the text. The words uneasy, troubled, and agitated, while all having the same visual affect of a tossing and turning sleep, the word uneasy seems less severe or significant than troubled or agitated. This may cause the reader to put less focus on the quality of sleep and its possible relationship to what has happened to Samsa. Next, the words transformed instead of changed seems more magical or mysterious where changed is a more "normal" word and adds less curiosity to the event. The different adjectives used when describing the creature he has turned into vary in intensity, the most calm being giant and the most intense being monstrous. The result of these words being more or less intense make the reader's image of this creature change. While giant may imply human-sized, monstrous implies overwhelmingly large and scary. Furthermore, the use of the word vermin as opposed to insect or bug makes the creature seem more like a rodent potentially. This initial image of the creature can affect how the reader comprehends the characters struggles with being this creature and it therefore important for the image to be as the author intended so the intentions throughout the rest of the book are interpreted correctly. I think that this look at diction also shows how imagery impacts the effectiveness and implications of the sentence. The syntax of the translations is very similar except for #4, which unlike the others which are one long thought, is split up with the use of comas. By separating each piece of information, this translation makes the reader think about each detail individually, and as a result they may be more in tuned to how the different aspects of the sentence play into the overall scene. I think that translation #3 is the most effective because, while i think the syntax of #4 is creative, it's other aspects do not seem effective. #3 uses the words troubled, transformed, and enormous bug, all of which have an appropriate amount of intensity and meaning. I also like that it says bug because it give the reader a good idea of what this thing is but still allows for individual interpretation. 

I think that reading a translated text is very difficult not only to read but also to analyse. A lot of purpose in writing is created through the implications that different words or ideas create. However, there is not always words in one language that have the same implications as similar words in another language. And some words have no direct translation at all. This means that, while translations can create the same basic idea and image, they do not always hold the exact meaning of the text as a whole. This can affect the tone of a passage or work immensely because each word that holds a slightly different meaning can change the mood or intensity and other incorrect translations continue to build on that mistake until the tone or meaning of a passage has become completely distorted. Therefore, I think it is important for a variety of people to analyse and translate a text and then compare, as we did above, to help get the most accurate and effective version for people to read.